As a result of inflammatory changes, there is instability in the joints that leads to progressive development of the typical deformation.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the joints. Usually begins in the third or fourth decade of life, although it is possible to start at any age. During illness, most of the joints, particularly in the limbs are typically affected symmetrically. Flow is variable and includes periods of worsening and improving, while a spectrum of clinical manifestations is wide, from the difficult to identify to deforming and destructive forms of the disease. Diagnosis depends primarily on clinical examination and fulfilling a sufficient number of clinical criteria. It is believed that today, there are 1% of people suffering from the disease of the adult population, while women predominate in all series, usually in relation 3:1.
The cause of the disease remains unknown. It is possible that some artritogeni factors serve only as a "trigger" - the initial driver of immunological events in the immune predisposed people by producing auto antibodies to their own proteins (immunoglobulin).
Primary process occurs in the inner (synovial) joint membrane, which, due to inflammation multiplies in thickness and becomes swollen, with ingrowths of new blood vessels and accumulation of inflammatory cells. Creating a binder and granulation tissue creates the so-called. panus, which gradually damages from the periphery and destroys bone and cartilage, creating irreparable changes in the joint material. As a result, there is instability in the joints that leads to progressive development of deformation typical of RA.
Picture 1 - The stage of progression of pathological changes in the joint
- Inflammation
- Spreading inflammation with the formation of panusa, starting the destruction of cartilage and secondary osteoporosis expressed
- Fibrous changes - fibrosis Ankylosis
- Bone Ankylosis with advanced osteoporosis
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